collective consciousness


The term collective consciousness refers to the condition of the subject within the whole of society, and how any given individual comes to view herself as a part of any given group. The term has specifically been used by social theorists/psychoanalysts like Durkheim, Althusser, and Jung to explicate how an autonomous individual comes to identify with a larger group/structure. Definitively, “collective” means “[f]ormed by [a] collection of individual persons or things; constituting a collection; gathered into one; taken as a whole; aggregate, collected” (OED). Likewise, “consciousness,” (a term which is slightly more complex to define with the entirety of its implications) signifies “Joint or mutual knowledge,” “Internal knowledge or conviction; knowledge as to which one has the testimony within oneself; esp. of one's own innocence, guilt, deficiencies,” and “The state or fact of being mentally conscious or aware of anything” (OED). By combining the two terms, we can surmise that the phrase collective consciousness implies an internal knowing known by all, or a consciousness shared by a plurality of persons. The easiest way to think of the phrase (even with its extremely loaded historical content) is to regard it as being an idea or proclivity that we all share, whoever specifically “we” might entail.


Although history credits Émile Durkheim with the coinage of the phrase, many other theorists have engaged the notion. The term has specifically been used by social theorists like Durkheim, Althusser, and Jung to explicate how an autonomous individual comes to identify with a larger group/structure, and as such, how patterns of commonality among individuals bring legible unity to those structures. Durkheim and Althusser are concerned with the making of the subject as an aggregation of external processes/societal conditions. Also worth noting (though of a slightly different variety) are the writings of Vladmir Vernadsky, Katherine Hayles, and Slavoj Zizek, (specifically his pieces about cyberspace).

Tranceluz Consciousness

Tranceluz Consciousness

Wednesday 7 January 2015

THE VISION BEHIND GLOBAL THE VIPASSANA PAGODA


                                            THE VISION BEHIND GLOBAL THE VIPASSANA PAGODA


The Buddha held that two qualities are rare among humans: 
Katannuta that is, gratitude and Pubbakarita, which is, initiative to help others without expecting anything in return. These two qualities are the true measure of progress on the path of Dhamma for any person devoted to Dhamma.
Gratitude is more important of the two qualities. Whenever we remember the help given to us by any saintly person we feel gratitude towards him/her, we naturally feel inclined to live up to that ideal and consequently we are inspired to give selfless service towards that ideal. Gratitude and selfless service complement and support each other. 
An individual uses words to express himself. A civilization expresses itself in architecture.The Global Vipassana Pagoda is an expression of our gratitude: towards the Buddha, who as the Bodhisatta strived for incalculable aeons to fulfill his paramis (noble qualities) to reach Supreme Enlightenment. Having done so, he taught the Dhamma for the good and benefit of many, out of compassion for all beings.
The Purpose and Value of the Global Pagoda
Some of the various functions and purpose of the pagoda can be listed as follows:

Honouring the Buddha
Following the instructions in the last discourse of the Enlightened One, the genuine Buddha relics are enshrined at the top of a large central hall where about 8,000 Vipassana students can sit and meditate jointly, getting advantage of the powerful vibrations emanating from the relics.
With the genuine relics enshrined, the Pagoda has become a centre of tremendous attraction for the devotees of the Buddha around the world to come and pay their respects to the relics and get the message of Vipassana - the quintessence of the teaching of the Enlightened One that is lost in their countries also. Hence, this magnificent structure will also be a great symbol for creating goodwill amongst countries that have traditionally revered the Buddha.
Correcting Historical Misconceptions

During the past nearly one-and-half to two millennia, the actual historical truth about the life and teachings of the Enlightened One has not only disappeared from the country but a gross misinformation has spread making him a mythological divine figure, completely forgetting his historical human reality. Besides, his rational, scientific teachings were totally misunderstood and became wrongly considered as just another of the many sectarian dogmas and religious tenets. The Pagoda will have an informative gallery exhibiting the actual historical life of the Buddha, and the benefit of the practice of Vipassana derived during his lifetime.
The Pagoda will be a vehicle for the spread of the Buddha’s true teaching that emphatically opposes any sectarian, casteist, religious dogmas. The teaching is already proving to be an ideal bridge for peace, tolerance and harmony across all the communal and regional divides splintering India today. The strongly secular nature of Vipassana is further proved by its acceptance amongst people of all religions, nations, sects and socio-cultural backgrounds.
Vipassana courses are taking root even in some of the staunchly sectarian countries.
Expression of Gratitude

The Global Pagoda is visible proof of the re-awakening of the Buddha's teachings in India, and the acceptance of the teachings around the world. It is an expression of gratitude to Myanmar, the country that preserved Vipassana, the practical essence of the Buddha's Teaching. It embodies our gratitude to U Ba Khin, who enabled each of us today to find the path to liberation.
Vehicle for Promotion of Social Peace, Harmony and Tolerance

Centuries ago, India served humanity at large by distributing the invaluable gift of Vipassana. This proved so very effective and beneficial that people accepted and adopted it wholeheartedly. History now is repeating itself, with the rapid spread of Vipassana to many countries across the six continents. The Vipassana Pagoda will be a central symbol of this spiritual tradition.
Acharya Goenkaji's most fervent Dhamma wish was fulfilled in November 2008 when the construction of the Global Vipassana Pagoda was completed. He hopes that this monument will act as a bridge between different communities, different sects, different countries and different races to make the world a more harmonious and peaceful place.

Sunday 4 January 2015

Meditation Program in California Schools Reduces Violence And Improves Performance

       


Meditation Program in California Schools Reduces Violence And Improves Performance


One of the most violence prone school districts in San Francisco, California, introduced a meditation program for all of its students and the results have been remarkable.

The program was dubbed “Quiet Time” and was introduced to four California schools including a Visitacion Valley School which has been exposed to violence both inside and outside of the school. That all started to change when the San Francisco Public School District introduced the “Quiet Time” meditation program to the Visitacion Valley middle school as well as three other local middle schools. Students in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades participated in the program, which has the schools going silent two times each day for 15 minutes of meditation.
School officials told the local NBC news program that since the program began, they have seen dramatic changes in the students’ behavior and overall performance. Although many school officials were initially skeptical when the program was introduced four years ago, they are now believers in the power of meditation after seeing nearly an 80 percent reduction in the number of suspensions each year, coupled with increases in both academic performance and student attendance.
One of the principals at the schools that participated in the “Quiet Time” meditation program, Bill Kappenhagen, said that introducing meditation to the students on a daily basis had given them a way to “help our students find ways to deal with violence and the trauma and the stress of everyday life.” School officials also noted that since the meditation program began, students generally get along better with one another and are equipped to find ways of dealing with negative emotions and stressful situations in a positive, non-violent way.
These results are no surprise to those who advocate for meditation. In addition to reducing stress levels, several studies has shown that regular meditation brings a number of cognitive and health benefits for both children and adults, including reducing blood pressure and preventing heart disease. Meditation has also been successful in managing pain and a variety of health conditions including asthma, depression, sleep disorders, and anxiety, and is an excellent tool for child birth as well. The popular form of meditation sometimes called mindfulness meditation has also been shown to improve concentration and critical thinking skills and researchers from both Yale and Harvard have shown that meditation can actually improve grey matter in the brain.
With meditation being such an easy, not to mention free, way to improve the lives and educational experiences of students, it is likely that the amazing success of the “Quiet Time” program could spread to other schools in California and, hopefully, around the country.




Sufism: ‘a natural antidote to fanaticism?


Fifty years ago this autumn, Idries Shah published The Sufis, with an introduction by Robert Graves. The Washington Post declared it “a seminal book of the century”, while writers such as Doris LessingJD Salinger and Geoffrey Grigson were all drawn to it. Ted Hughes described it as “astonishing”. “The Sufis must be the biggest society of sensible men on Earth,” he wrote.
Now, the Idries Shah Foundation is bringing out new editions in English and commissioning translations of his work into Persian, Arabic and Urdu – the very cultures where much of his material originated.
So what is Sufism? Though dictionaries usually define it as the mystical current in Islam, Sufis themselves will tell you that it is an ancient organisation that has embraced free thinkers and people concerned with human development from many cultures throughout history. People from all walks of life – including poets, scientists and politicians – have been Sufis.
Classical Sufis in the Islamic world include Rumi, Omar Khayyam, Fariduddin Attar – whose stories were later used by Chaucer – and the Spaniard Avërroes, the “great commentator” on Aristotle. And many of their ideas passed to Europe through contacts between the Islamic and Christian worlds in the crusader states, Norman Sicily and the Iberian peninsula. From the outset, Sufism has been concerned with building bridges, not least between communities whose contact can be of mutual benefit. In the west, people as diverse as Dag HammarskjöldSt Francis of AssisiSir Richard BurtonCervantes and Winston Churchill have all been influenced by Sufism.
Though there had been previous studies of Sufism in western languages, they had taken a largely academic approach. Shah, who died in 1996, broke new ground by explaining it in a more accessible way, often employing psychological terminology to do so. He went on to write more than 30 books on Sufism, selling over 15m copies in more than three dozen languages. Many are compilations of tales and jokes – “teaching stories” – that Sufis often employ to help people to think more clearly about things.His work was less about passing on facts, he would say, than imparting a skill. “One is immediately forced to use one’s mind in a new way,” Lessing said after reading The Sufis.
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Half a century on, the foundation’s mission to promote Shah’s ideas in the Middle East fits with the ancient Sufi concern of passing knowledge between different cultures, particularly at times of greatest need. To a certain degree, the classics – what Shah drew on to bring Sufism to the west – are being overlooked by younger generations.
There could not be a more important time for Sufi ideas to be reintroduced. With its concentration, among other things, on awareness and psychological balance – “mindfulness”, if you like – Sufism is a natural antidote to fanaticism. And while Sufis have at times been persecuted within Islam (Al-Hallaj was publicly executed in 922 for his mystical statements) it is, on the whole, respected as part of Islamic culture.
The west, too, needs to become aware once more of this “other face” of Islam. Those who would espouse a black-and‑ white view of the world might do well to read some of the jokes centred around the Mulla Nasrudin, the wise fool of the Sufis, translated and retold by Shah. When a king insisted that his subjects tell the truth on pain of death, the Mulla was at the front of the queue the following morning to get inside the city gates. There, the captain of the guard, standing in front of a gallows, asked him a question, to which he had to give the true answer – or be hanged.
“Where are you going?” he asked Nasrudin.
“I am going,” said the Mulla, “to be hanged on those gallows.”
“I don’t believe you.”
“Very well, then. If I have told a lie, hang me!”
“But that would make it the truth,” spluttered the captain
“That’s right,” said Nasrudin. “Your truth.”
Sufism does not claim to present the panaceas or comforting worldviews that so many ideologies, religious or political, peddle. Yet the complex and moderate thinking it does provide may be precisely what is needed right now.
“In one aspect of his life,” Lessing wrote of Shah after he died, “he was a bridge between cultures … at home in the east and the west … Not the least of his contributions to our culture has been to let us hear in this time of the wild Muslim extremism, the voice of moderate and liberal Islam.”
Despite having a powerful influence on many people, Shah refused to be a guru. “Do not look at my outward shape,” he would say, repeating Rumi’s phrase, “but take what is in my hand.”

After Vipassana, Heartfulness Meditation



Vipassana takes us to the door and heartfulness meditation leads us to the treasure inside. Let me explain. Vipassana meditation is a great gift. We learn to concentrate. We learn not to follow the seemingly endless distractions our mind can create. They are not leading us to where we want to go! Finally Vipassana meditation teaches us thinking and awareness are not the same thing. We can know awareness separate from thinking. We can know simple awareness. This is the door where Vipassana brings us.
Heartfulness is what we find inside the doorway. Once we discover awareness separate from our thoughts, once we enjoy just being, there is the great world of heartfulness or heart essence waiting for us. As our awareness passes through the doorway, leaving our mind and entering our heart, there is so much to receive.
When our awareness is not flooded with thoughts, clouded with worries, filled with desires, we begin a journey of being, expanding, receiving our true nature. As young children we knew this experience of simple peace, innocence, being quick to forgive ourselves and others. When awareness is not carrying so much, we move easily, live more easily. The moment is vibrant, real, naturally joyful!
The beautiful secret is that as we practice heartfulness meditation, we are not only thinking less, our thoughts are actually washed away. Heart essence is lightening our load. Heart essence is relieving us of all the stuff which just floats aimlessly in our awareness. Heart essence restores our awareness to our original fresh, innocent, essence. Whether we call this our Buddha nature, simple peace, or God inside of us, heartfulness is life separate from the busy mind, life united with a deeper river within us. Heartfulness restores our connection with eternity.
This is the true gift of meditation. The potential is much more then having less stress, more well-being. Heartfulness meditation is absorbing heart essence. There is a stillness of the heart, a silent peace waiting for us. Heartfulness is receiving, resting, rescuing our worn out nerves, our tired being. In the gentleness of the stillness of our heart, we discover our awareness expanding. Beneath our small self with all its concerns is suddenly an ocean of unlimited heart essence,our greater being. There is a vastness, an unending divine self of no self.
Talk to people who have had a profound spiritual awakening. Listen carefully to people who have had a Near Death Experience. They all are describing a similar experience. There is a vast space, a realm very intimate, of indescribable love. Heartfulness meditation takes us through the door of our thinking world,our complex personality to a sacred place. In the stillness of our heart we come home. Literally people find a palace, golden rooms filled with brilliant light. Others find just endless space. But this endless space is important. As our awareness absorbs, identifies with this endlessness, our daily world does not affect us so deeply. We have an expanded self and with it more choices, more freedom, more joy. Awareness without so much unnecessary thinking is awareness on a new course of life!
We live in a much too much thinking world with way too little heart. Heartfulness restores the heart in each of us and through us in the world. There is much more to meditation then watching our thoughts. We don't want to watch heart essence. We want to be it! Heartfulness meditation restores, uncovers, realizes our Heaven self. Inside simple inner peace there are worlds for us to discover. We don't have to take the word of others what the other side is like. We find the love of the other side on this side, in our hearts, in a life of greater heartfulness.

Healing the Body Through Meditation

Doctors and scientists have been studying the body-mind connection and its relationship to physical health. 
Medical researchers have linked certain illnesses to our state of mind and to our emotional condition. They have found that when we undergo mental stress or emotional pain or depression, our physical resistance to disease drops. 
We become more susceptible to contracting a disease because our ability to keep our immune system in top working order decreases.
Science has pinpointed certain diseases such as digestive problems, breathing problems, heart disease, and migraine headaches, to name a few, that are sometimes stress-related.
Meditation can help us in several ways. First, it can lessen our stress, and in turn, reduce our chances of developing a stress-related illness. In this hectic world, our mind is often agitated by stress and pressures. Life has become so complicated that people seem to have too much to do and not enough time to do it. Some people hold jobs that require long hours and too much responsibility. Other people work two jobs and raise a family. 
Too much pressure often causes people to seem to snap—they become irritable, off-balance, and “stressed-out.” They begin to act in ways that are not “themselves.” Sometimes they take out their frustrations on their loved ones and hurt those they should love the most.
Meditation is a way to eliminate the lack of balance caused by the mental stresses of life. By spending time in meditation, we create a calm haven in which we restore equilibrium and peace to our mental functioning. 
Researchers have recorded that the brain activity in people who meditate reflects a state of deep relaxation. Their mind becomes calmer. Meditation also calms the body. If we could spend some time each day in meditation, we would find our stress levels would be reduced and our health would reach a more optimum level.
Besides reducing stress during meditation, there is a carry-over effect. We can maintain more peace of mind as we continue our activities throughout the day. As we perfect our meditations, we can maintain that calm state of mind even in the midst of turmoil and strife. We would be more in control of our reactions and would maintain an even keel in the face of other people’s conflicts. Reducing our stress throughout the day can reduce the risk of becoming victim to stress-related ailments.
Second, meditation can lift our attention to a higher level of consciousness so that we do not feel the pinching effects of any illness we do develop. Through meditation, we come in contact with a stream of bliss and joy within that takes our attention away from the pains of the world. Through mastery of meditation, we have a refuge of bliss and peace within, safe from the ravages of physical pain. 
Although at times we may get sick because we break natural laws, meditation can help us rise above the discomfort and find solace and peace above the consciousness of bodily pain. We have only to look at near-death experiences to see how people who undergo excruciatingly painful accidents were lifted above their pain when they temporarily left their body. 
They could see their body with injuries and trauma lying below them, but they no longer experienced any physical pain until they returned to the body. This is one analogous situation to give us an idea of the power of protection from pain afforded to us when we perfect our meditations.
Recent medical studies are drawing a correlation between patients who pray and meditate before and after surgery and those who do not. Early studies find that patients heal and recover more quickly from surgery when they pray or meditate before surgery or after surgery.
Spending regular, accurate time in meditation has been shown to reduce stress. Many medical centres and hospitals offer classes in meditation as a way to reduce stress and eliminate certain illnesses. Many people have requested to learn our introductory meditation, called Jyoti meditation, taught at our Science of Spirituality centres throughout the world as a way to reduce stress.
As you continue to meditate, you will experience the inner peace and bliss. As you do this, you will experience a reduction in stress. Meditation is an effective means to help us reduce stress and increase a sense of calm and peace, which can help us heal our physical body.